苏格兰指南The Rough Guide to Scotland 6th ed. pdf pdb 阿里云 极速 mobi caj kindle 下载

Despite the best efforts of an unreliable climate, Scotland is, quite simply, a wonderfully rewarding and diverse country to visit, encompassing everything from the rolling countryside of the Borders to the wild and weather-beaten islands that arc around its west and north coasts. Many parts of the mainland are surprisingly accessible, with remote lochs, glens and Highland mountains lying less than two hours' travel from Edinburgh and Glasgow, two of Britain's most complex and intriguing cities.

For centuries Scotland was a divided nation, with Gaelic-speaking, cattle-raising clans concentrated to the north and west, and Lowland Scots, distinguished by their Norman-style feudal loyalties and allegiances, dominant to the south and east. These two linguistically distinct Scotlands developed along separate lines, their mutually antagonistic populations creating the first of several overlapping sources of national tension. After the Reformation, religion became another flashpoint, not just between Catholic and Protestant, but also amongst a host of reformist sects. Later still, industrialization divided the rural from the urban, generating the class-conscious, socialist-minded cities of central and eastern Scotland. Such tensions are still apparent today in the complex relationships between incomers and natives, between the landed and the stranded, and between the progressive core of the cities and the drug-ridden poverty of their fringes.

In the background lurks Scotland's problematic relationship with England. In 1707, the Act of Union united the English and Scottish parliaments, ending centuries of political strife and, shortly afterwards, in 1745, the failure of Bonnie Prince Charlie's Jacobite rebellion gave the English and their Scottish allies the chance to bring the Gaels to heel. However, the union only partly integrated the two nations, with Scotland retaining separate legal and education systems, and, to this day, its relationship with its southern neighbour remains anomalous. During the Conservative rule of the 1980s and 1990s, many Scots were left feeling disenfranchized by and resentful of the Westminster government. However, with the Labour party victory in the 1997 general election came manifesto promises of dramatic constitutional reform, endorsed in September of that year by a referendum in which Scots voted resoundingly in favour of their own parliament, with control over issues such as health, education, law and order and the environment. Elections for the historic Parliament, the first to be convened in Scotland for nearly 300 years, were held in May 1999, and it was officially vested with power by the Queen in an inspiring ceremony in Edinburgh on July 1, 1999. As the new Scottish government begins to make its mark on the day-to-day running of the country, larger questions about the future of the United Kingdom linger. The debate remains fierce, both within the new Parliament and without, over whether this quasi-federal devolution of power or complete independence within the European Union will better serve Scotland, and while most Scots welcome the way in which recent events have heightened their sense of identity and importance, they also acknowledge the challenges inherent in converting expectation and optimism into tangible progress. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

Colour section

Colour map of Scotland

Where to go

　When to go

　Things not to miss

Basics

　Getting there

　Visas and red tape

　Costs, money and banks

　Insurance and health

　Information, websites and maps

　Getting around

　Accommodation

　Food and drink

　Communications

　Opening hours, public holidays　and admission fees

　The media

　Crime and personal safety

　Events and spectator sports

　Outdoor pursuits

　Gay and lesbian travellers

　Travellers with specific needs

　Directory

Guide

　1　Edinburgh and the

　　Lothians

　 Accommodation

　 The Old Town

Edinburgh Castle

The New Town

Eating

Drinking

Nightlife and entertainment

Shopping

Edinburgh Festival

Leith

Dalmeny

East Lothian

Midlothian

West Lothian

2 The Borders

Berwickshire

Kelso

Melrose

Galashiels

Peebles

Jedburgh

Hawick

3 Dumfries and

Galloway

Annandale

Dumfries

Nithsdale

The Colvend coast

Castle Douglas

……

Contexts

Language

Index and small print

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