SHORT HISTORY NEARLY EVERYTHING万物简史 pdf pdb 阿里云 极速 mobi caj kindle 下载

As the title suggests, bestselling author Bryson (In a Sunburned Country) sets out to put his irrepressible stamp on all things under the sun. As he states at the outset, this is a book about life, the universe and everything, from the Big Bang to the ascendancy of Homo sapiens. "This is a book about how it happened," the author writes. "In particular how we went from there being nothing at all to there being something, and then how a little of that something turned into us, and also what happened in between and since." What follows is a brick of a volume summarizing moments both great and curious in the history of science, covering already well-trod territory in the fields of cosmology, astronomy, paleontology, geology, chemistry, physics and so on. Bryson relies on some of the best material in the history of science to have come out in recent years. This is great for Bryson fans, who can encounter this material in its barest essence with the bonus of having it served up in Bryson's distinctive voice. But readers in the field will already have studied this information more in-depth in the originals and may find themselves questioning the point of a breakneck tour of the sciences that contributes nothing novel. Nevertheless, to read Bryson is to travel with a memoirist gifted with wry observation and keen insight that shed new light on things we mistake for commonplace. To accompany the author as he travels with the likes of Charles Darwin on the Beagle, Albert Einstein or Isaac Newton is a trip worth taking for most readers.

Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Ⅰ: Lost in the Cosmos

　1 How to Build a Universe

　2 Welcome to the Solar System

　3 The Reverend Evans's Universe

Ⅱ: The Size of the Earth

　4 The Measure of Things

　5 The Stone-Breakers

　6 Science Red in Tooth and Claw

　7 Elemental Matters

Ⅲ: A New Age Dawns

　8 Einstein's Universe

　9 The Mighty Atom

　10 Getting the Lead Out

　11 Muster Mark's Quarks

　12 The Earth Moves

　……

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我用过的教科书全都出自男人之手

“你坐在椅子上，其实没有坐在上面，而是以1埃（一亿分之一厘米）的高度浮在上面，你的电子和它的电子不可调和地互相排斥，不可能达到更密切的程度”

根据霍伊尔的理论，一颗爆炸中的恒星会释放出足够的热量来产生所有的新元素，并把它撒在宇宙里。这些元素会形成气体云——就是所谓的星际媒介——最终聚合成新的太阳系。

......there are three stages in scientific discovery: first, people deny that it is true; then they deny that it is important; finally they credit the wrong person.

一颗恒星可以燃烧几十亿年，而死亡却是一下子的事儿。只有少量的临终恒星发生爆炸，大多数默默的熄灭，就像黎明时的篝火那样。

柯普在他极其勤奋的一生中，他写出了大约1400篇学术论文，描述了近1300种新的化石，其中，使美国已知的恐龙种类数量从9种增加到将近150种。普通人说得出的每一种恐龙──剑龙、雷龙、梁龙、三角龙──差不多都是他发现的。柯普本来可作出更大的贡献，但不幸的是，他干得过于拼命，过于草率，往往把已经知道的当做一项新的发现。他“发现”一个名叫“尤因他兽”的物种不下22次。他乱七八糟的分类，别人花了几年时间才整理出来，而有的至今还没有整理清楚。

　　他在1875年继承了一笔财产，不大明智地把钱投资于金融业，结果全部泡汤。在使他在后来的几年中急速走下坡路。临近晚年的时候 , 柯普产生了另一个有意思的念头。他殷切希望自己被宣布为“人类”的模式标本──即，把他的骨头作为人类的正式样板。在一般情况下，一个物种的模式标本就是被发现的第一副骨头，但由于“人类”的第一副骨头并不存在，就产生了一个空缺。柯普希望填补这个空缺。这是一个古怪而又没有价值的愿望，但谁也想不出理由来加以反对。

　　为此，柯普立下遗嘱，把自己的骨头捐献给费城的威斯塔研究所。那是个学术团体，是由好像无处不在的卡斯珀·威斯塔的后裔捐资成立的。不幸的是，经过处理和装配以后，人们发现他的骨头显示出患了早期梅毒的症状，谁也不愿意把这种特征保留在代表人类本身的模式标本上。于是，柯普的请求和他的骨头就不了了之。直到现在，现代人类仍然没有模式标本。

书籍介绍

Bill Bryson describes himself as a reluctant traveller: but even when he stays safely in his own study at home, he can't contain his curiosity about the world around him. A Short History of Nearly Everything is his quest to find out everything that has happened from the Big Bang to the rise of civilization - how we got from there, being nothing at all, to here, being us. Bill Bryson's challenge is to take subjects that normally bore the pants off most of us, like geology, chemistry and particle physics, and see if there isn't some way to render them comprehensible to people who have never thought they could be interested in science. It's not so much about what we know, as about how we know what we know. How do we know what is in the centre of the Earth, or what a black hole is, or where the continents were 600 million years ago? How did anyone ever figure these things out? On his travels through time and space, he encounters a splendid collection of astonishingly eccentric, competitive, obsessive and foolish scientists, like the painfully shy Henry Cavendish who worked out many conundrums like how much the Earth weighed, but never bothered to tell anybody about many of his findings. In the company of such extraordinary people, Bill Bryson takes us with him on the ultimate eye-opening journey, and reveals the world in a way most of us have never seen it before.