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Drucker's vision of a "post-capitalist society"--one in which knowledge is the basic resource and nation-states compete with transnational, regional and tribal structures--is hardly original. What is new in this invigorating essay is his far-reaching analysis of the economic crisis of militarized, wasteful "megastates" like the United States and the former Soviet Union, which have failed to bring about a meaningful redistribution of income. Improving American productivity, he writes, will require investment in human resources and infrastructure (as Japan, Germany, Korea and Taiwan have done) and a drastic restructuring of organizations, including the elimination of most management layers. The federal goverment, Drucker asserts, should contract out tasks in the social sphere, confining itself to the role of policymaker. Among his other provocative proposals: jettison military aid to other countries; create a public audit agency to eliminate pork-barrel deals and special-interest politics; and hold schools accountable for students' performance. He also urges the creation of transnational institutions to cope with the environment, terrorism and arms control.

Introduction: The Transformation

PART ONE: SOCIETY

1. From Capitalism to Knowledge Society

2. The Society of Organizations

3. Labor, Capital, and Their Future

4. The Productivity of the New Work Forces

5. The Responsibility-Based Organization

PART TWO: POLITY

6. From Nation-State to Megastate

7. Transnationalism, Regionalism, and Tribalism

8. The Needed Government Turnaround

9. Citizenship Through the Social Sector

PART THREE: KNOWLEDGE

　10. Knowledge: Its Economics and Its Productivity

　11. The Accountable School

　12. The Educated Person

Acknowledgments

Index

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基于种种固有的局限性，人们更喜欢“术”而忽略“道”。其实，道才是能给我们带来突破的根本和强大力量。如果我们清晰地知道，知识社会正在发生或者将要发生什么样的变革，正在或者将要朝着哪个方向行进，那么，我们就能更准确地做出与大趋势相匹配的决策，我们的行为就会不自觉地进行调整以更好地顺势而为。彼得.德鲁克先生所著的《知识社会》，就是一本能够帮助我们认清大环境，更好地指导我们行为的佳作。

美国的拜登政府正推动大幅度提高最低工资标准来增加这些人的收入。但是，这样做的结果，却可能适得其反。它将加快机器人替代普通人力的步伐，或者，促使一些效益不太好的企业尤其是传统的服务性的企业进一步裁员，从而，导致底层工作者的生活境况变得更加艰难。

智慧的苏格拉底认为，知识的

唯一功能是自知，即促进个人在智力、道德与精神层面的成长。然而，苏格拉底的劲敌，博学多才的普罗塔哥拉（Protagoras）却认为，知识的作用是使掌握知识的人更有效地知道要说什么和怎么说。对普罗塔哥拉而言，知识意味着逻辑、文法与修辞，它们后来成为中世纪学问的核心，随后逐渐发展成为现在我们所讲的“人文教育”（liberal education）

知识工作者和服务劳动者取代了资本家和无产阶级，成为知识社会的主导阶级。

日本人认为，在发达国家，如果将创造蓝领工作机会的投资用于推动和发展本国教育，由此保证年轻人接受充足的教育以胜任知识工作，或者至少能胜任高层次的服务性工作，那么无论是从经济的角度还是从社会的角度来看，这种做法都会带来更大的收益。

现在，企业经营管理的目的是最大限度地为股东带来利润，而不是为利益相关者的利益带来最佳的平衡。这行不通！原因在于，这样一来就会造成企业的管理只注重短期利益，就会导致企业创造财富的能力受到重创。

书籍介绍

Drucker's vision of a "post-capitalist society"--one in which knowledge is the basic resource and nation-states compete with transnational, regional and tribal structures--is hardly original. What is new in this invigorating essay is his far-reaching analysis of the economic crisis of militarized, wasteful "megastates" like the United States and the former Soviet Union, which have failed to bring about a meaningful redistribution of income. Improving American productivity, he writes, will require investment in human resources and infrastructure (as Japan, Germany, Korea and Taiwan have done) and a drastic restructuring of organizations, including the elimination of most management layers. The federal goverment, Drucker asserts, should contract out tasks in the social sphere, confining itself to the role of policymaker. Among his other provocative proposals: jettison military aid to other countries; create a public audit agency to eliminate pork-barrel deals and special-interest politics; and hold schools accountable for students' performance. He also urges the creation of transnational institutions to cope with the environment, terrorism and arms control.