The Cambridge Companion to the African Novel（ISBN=9780521671682） pdf pdb 阿里云 极速 mobi caj kindle 下载

Africa's strong tradition of storytelling has long been an

expression of an oral narrative culture. African writers such as

Amos Tutuola, Naguib Mahfouz, Wole Soyinka and J. M. Coetzee have

adapted these older forms to develop and enhance the genre of the

novel, in a shift from the oral mode to print. Comprehensive in

scope, these new essays cover the fiction in the European languages

from North Africa and Africa south of the Sahara, as well as in

Arabic. They highlight the themes and styles of the African novel

through an examination of the works that have either attained

canonical status – an entire chapter is devoted to the work of

Chinua Achebe – or can be expected to do so. Including a guide to

further reading and a chronology, this is the ideal starting-point

for students of African and world literatures.

Chronology

1. Introduction: perspectives on the African novel F. Abiola

Irele

2. The oral/literate interface Olukunle George

3. Chinua Achebe and the African novel Dan Izevbaye

4. Protest and resistance Barbara Harlow

5. The Afrikaans novel Chris Warnes

6. The African novel in Arabic Shaden Tageldin

7. The Francophone novel in North Africa Bernard Aresu

8. The Francophone African novel in Sub-Saharan Africa Lydie

Moudileno

9. The historical novel M. Keith Booker

10. Magical realism and the African novel Ato Quayson

11. The African novel and the feminine condition Nana

Wilson-Tagoe

12. Bildungsroman and autobiography Apollo Amoko

13. The postcolonial condition Phyllis Taoua

14. New voices and emerging themes Dominic Thomas

15. The critical reception of the African novel Harry Garuba

Further reading

Index

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历史与过去的不同之处在于，过去仅仅是一系列事件的集合，而历史则是一种创造，它反映了我们对过去的意识和潜意识的记忆、个人和集体的演绎、歪曲和理解。

弗洛伊德的作品并不是静态的文本，而是在后人的对话中不断演变和转化的一套理念。

要讨论克菜因,必须从“幻想”( phantasy(の)这一概念开始,因为在她的理论构想中,这是心灵一身体系统的枢纽。幻想对克菜因(1952a)来说,是本能的心理表征。本能本身是一个生物性实体,因此幻想是生物性的心理表征。本能必须经历某种形式的转化,才能生成“心理结果”（

mental corollaries)( Isaacs,1952),也就是幻想。负责这种转化的心理功能单元是本我。本能作为生物特性的一部分,是与生俱来的,而本我也从婴儿出生开始,就执行着这种转化功能。新生婴儿的世界,在起初是身体的世界,幻想代表了婴儿试图将躯体事件转化为心理形式的努力。即便在成人以后,幻想也从未失去与身体的联系。幻想的内容最终总是可以追溯到与这个人自己的身体运作过程及内容相关的想法和感受,而这些部分又总是处于和他人的身体运作过程及内容的关系中。

临床精神分析的主要目标之一是逐渐地重新获得已经被自我异化的个人经验，也就是那些从心灵内和人际间对话中被隔离出去的经验，这个过程允许接受分析者更充分地认识和理解自己现在的样子和将要成为的样子。在异化的部分得以挽回之后，接受分析者能够作为一个主体的有历史的人类个体更充分地活着。他变得更有能力投入更充分的（更少自我异化的）心灵内和人际间对话。他变得更少害怕自己原先隔离出去的部分，从而在一定程度上变得更为自由。

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