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Muhammad Yunus is that rare thing: a bona fide visionary. His dream is the total eradication of poverty from the world. In 1983, against the advice of banking and government officials, Yunus established Grameen, a bank devoted to providing the poorest of Bangladesh with minuscule loans. Grameen Bank, based on the belief that credit is a basic human right, not the privilege of a fortunate few, now provides over 2.5 billion dollars of micro-loans to more than two million families in rural Bangladesh. Ninety-four percent of Yunus's clients are women, and repayment rates are near 100 percent. Around the world, micro-lending programs inspired by Grameen are blossoming, with more than three hundred programs established in the United States alone.

Banker to the Poor is Muhammad Yunus's memoir of how he decided to change his life in order to help the world's poor. In it he traces the intellectual and spiritual journey that led him to fundamentally rethink the economic relationship between rich and poor, and the challenges he and his colleagues faced in founding Grameen. He also provides wise, hopeful guidance for anyone who would like to join him in "putting homelessness and destitution in a museum so that one day our children will visit it and ask how we could have allowed such a terrible thing to go on for so long." The definitive history of micro-credit direct from the man that conceived of it, Banker to the Poor is necessary and inspirational reading for anyone interested in economics, public policy, philanthropy, social history, and business.

Muhammad Yunus was born in Bangladesh and earned his Ph.D. in economics in the United States at Vanderbilt University, where he was deeply influenced by the civil rights movement. He still lives in Bangladesh, and travels widely around the world on behalf of Grameen Bank and the concept of micro-credit.

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慈善变成了摆脱我们的责任的一种方法。但是慈善并不是解决贫困问题的方法，只是首先通过采取远离穷人的行动而使贫困长存。慈善使我们得以继续过我们自己的生活，而不为穷人的生活担忧。慈善平息我们的良知。

和老板在一起，一个人必须中规中矩，但和老师在一起，关系就更随便，甚至可以是精神层面的关系。人们可以更自由地讨论自己的问题和弱点，可以承认自己的错误，而不必惧怕引发官方的惩罚。传统的银行官员需要他们的办公室，他们的文件，他们的办公桌，他们的电话，来作为辅助。没有这些道具，他们就会茫然迷失。但是你可以把所有这些东西从一名格莱珉雇员那里拿走，而他或她仍有着一名教师的心态。

尤努斯的理想是：看到这个世界摆脱贫困。“这意味着，在这个星球上没有一个人会被描述为穷人，没有一个人的基本需求不能得到满足。到那时，“贫困’这个词将不再具有实用的意义，它将只被用来理解过去。贫穷的位置，只应在博物馆里。”

我怀疑，各国政府与一些国际开发机构是成心要把人们吓得慌张盲动，借以转移人们对他们自身无能的关注。他们不该去限制人口的增长，而是应该将精力集中在提高人民总体的经济状况，尤其是处于底层的人们的经济状况。各国政府与人口机构在改变穷人生活质量方面的努力，远不如其用于实施恐吓策略方面的投入，如压制文盲的男人女人们及至剥夺其生育能力。

联合国在四十多个发展中国家中所进行的研究表明，出生率会随着妇女获得平等而下降。这种状况的原因有许多，因接受教育而推迟婚育，受教育水平较高的女性更可能使用避孕手段，更可能参加工作，等等。我相信，较之通过恐吓策略“鼓励”计划生育的现行体系，赋

予贫苦妇女以挣钱的机会，并把她们组织起来，将更有助于减缓人口增长。“家庭”的计划应该留给家庭去决定。

我坚定地相信，所有人都有一种与生俱来的能力，我称之为生存技能。穷人活着，这一事实就清楚地证明了他们的能力，不需要我们来教，他们已经知道如何去做这件事了。所以，我们不去浪费时间教给新的技能，而是努力去最大限度地利用他们现有的技能。使穷人能得到贷款，就是使他们得以立即实践他们已经掌握的技能——编结，脱粒，养牛，拉人力车，等等。而他们挣到的钱继而转变为一种工具，成为一把开启一系列其他能力的钥匙，得以探究自己的潜力。贷款者经常彼此传授新的技艺，以更好地利用他们的生存技能。他们比我们能做到的要强得多。

许多政府决策要人、非政府组织和国际顾问们在开展扶贫工作时，通常要首先推行一些非常详尽的培训规划。他们这样做是基于“穷人因缺乏技能而所以穷”的基本假设，并使他们自己的利益得以长久续存——为他们自己创造更多的工作机会，而不必承担任何必须产出具体成果的责任。有赖于多方援助的源流与善款预算，仅为此类培训，就在全世界兴起了一个庞大的行业。扶贫方面的专家们坚持说，穷人要想攀上经济的阶梯，培训绝对必不可少的。但是如果你进入到真实的世界中去，就一定会看到，穷人之所以穷，并非因为没有经过培训或是没有文化，而是因为他们无法得到他们的劳动报酬。他们无力

控制资本，而恰恰是控制资本的能力才会使人们摆脱贫穷。利润是坦然地倒向资本的，穷人处于毫无力量的境地，只能为生产资本控制者的利益劳作。他们为什么无法控制任何资本呢?因为他们没有继承任何资本或贷款，又因为被认为没有任何信贷价值而不能贷款。

我相信，许多培训规划带来的是副作用。如果格莱珉要求贷款者们必须先去参加一个企业管理培训课程才能得到做营生的贷款的话，他们中大多数人都会被吓跑。对于我们的贷款者来说，正规的学习是一件很吓人的事，那会使他们觉得自己渺小，愚蠢，毫无用处，甚至会毁掉他们天生的能力。这类培训还经常提供物质刺激来吸引人们参加培训——有时参加者会即刻得...

事物根本就不像看上去那么复杂，是我们的傲慢自大促使我们对一些简单的问题找到了一些不必要的复杂答案。

书籍介绍

在线阅读本书

Muhammad Yunus is that rare thing: a bona fide visionary. His dream is the total eradication of poverty from the world. In 1983, against the advice of banking and government officials, Yunus established Grameen, a bank devoted to providing the poorest of Bangladesh with minuscule loans. Grameen Bank, based on the belief that credit is a basic human right, not the privilege of a fortunate few, now provides over 2.5 billion dollars of micro-loans to more than two million families in rural Bangladesh. Ninety-four percent of Yunus's clients are women, and repayment rates are near 100 percent. Around the world, micro-lending programs inspired by Grameen are blossoming, with more than three hundred programs established in the United States alone.

Banker to the Poor is Muhammad Yunus's memoir of how he decided to change his life in order to help the world's poor. In it he traces the intellectual and spiritual journey that led him to fundamentally rethink the economic relationship between rich and poor, and the challenges he and his colleagues faced in founding Grameen. He also provides wise, hopeful guidance for anyone who would like to join him in "putting homelessness and destitution in a museum so that one day our children will visit it and ask how we could have allowed such a terrible thing to go on for so long." The definitive history of micro-credit direct from the man that conceived of it, Banker to the Poor is necessary and inspirational reading for anyone interested in economics, public policy, philanthropy, social history, and business.

Muhammad Yunus was born in Bangladesh and earned his Ph.D. in economics in the United States at Vanderbilt University, where he was deeply influenced by the civil rights movement. He still lives in Bangladesh, and travels widely around the world on behalf of Grameen Bank and the concept of micro-credit.