On War (Wordsworth Classics) 战争论 9781853264825 pdf pdb 阿里云 极速 mobi caj kindle 下载

'War is merely the continuation of policy by other means'

On War is one of the most important books ever written on the subject of war. Clausewitz, a Prussian officer who fought against the French during the Napoleonic Wars, sought to understand and analyse the phenomenon of war so that future leaders could conduct and win conflicts more effectively. He studied the human and social factors that affect outcomes, as well as the tactical and technological ones. He understood that war was a weapon of government, and that political purpose,

chance, and enmity combine to shape its dynamics. On War continues to be read by military strategists, politicians, and others for its timeless insights.

This abridged edition by Beatrice Heuser, using the acclaimed translation by Michael Howard and Peter Paret, selects the central books in which Clausewitz's views on the nature and theory of war are developed. ——This text refers to the Paperback edition.

INTRODUCTION

BOOK I On the Nature of War

　I　What Is War?

　II　End and Means In War

　VI　The Genius for War

　IV　Of Danger In War

　V　Of Bodily Exertion In War

　VI　Information In War

　VII　FrIctIon in War

　VIII　Concluding Remarks

BOOK II On the Theory of War

　I　Branches of the Art of War

　II　On the Theory of War

　III　Art or Science of War

　IV MethodIcIsm

　V　Criticism

　VI　On Examples

BOOK III Of Strategy in General

　I　Strategy

　II Elements of Strategy

　HI　Moral Forces

　IV　The ChIef Moral Powers

　V　MIlitary Virtue of an Army

　VI　Boldness

　VII　Perseverance

　VIII SuperIority of Numbers

　IX　The SurprIse

　X　Stratagem

　XI　Assembly of Forces In Space

　XII　Assembly of Forces In TIme

　XII　StrategIc Reserve

　XIV　Economy of Forces

　XV　Geometrical Element

　XVI　On the Suspension of the Act In War

　XVI　On the Character of Modern War

　XVIII　Tension and Rest

BOOK IV The Combat

　I　Introductory

　II　Character of a Modem Battle

　III　The Combat In General

　IV　The Combat In General (CONTINUATION)

　V　On the SIgnification of the Combat

　VI　DuratIon of Combat

　VII　Decision of the Combat

……

BOOK V Military Forces

BOOK VI Defence

BOOK VII The Attack

BOOK VIII Plan of War

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有些仁慈的人可能很容易认为，一定会有一种巧妙的方法，不必造成太大的伤亡就能解除敌人的武装或者打垮敌人，并且认为这是军事艺术发展的真正方向。这种看法不管多么美妙，却是一种必须消除的错误思想，因为在象战争这样危险的事情中，从仁慈产生的这种错误思想正是最为有害的。物质暴力的充分使用绝不排斥智慧同时发挥作用，所以，不顾一切、不惜流血地使用暴力的一方，在对方不同样这样做的时候，就必然会取得优势。……

问题必须这样来看。由于厌恶这个残暴的要素而忽视它的性质，这是没有益处的，甚至是错误的。

虽然出敌不意是到处应争取的，甚至是不可缺少的，而且确实是不会毫无效果的，但是，非常成功的出敢不意也确实是不多的，这是它本身的性质决定的。因此，如果认为在战争中用这种手段一定能得到很多收获，那是一种错误的想法。在想象中，出敌不意是非常引人入胜的，但在实行中，出敌不意却多半因为整个机器的阻力而难以实现。

政治不仅引起战争，而且支配战争，因而政治的性质决定战争的性质。

因此，不顾一切、不惜代价地使用暴力的一方，如对方软弱退缩，就必然独占优势。

如果一方迫使另一方也不得不同样地采取暴力，双方矛盾进一步激化，日益趋向极端，这种趋势完全受内在的牵制力量的限制，不受其他任何外部因素影响。

由此可见，如果把文明民族的战争说成纯粹是政府之间的理智行为，认为战争越来越摆脱一切激情的影响，以致最后实际上不再需要使用军队这种物质力量，只需要计算双方的兵力对比，对行动进行代数演算就可以了，那是莫大的错误。

战争既然是一种暴力行为，就必然属于感情的范畴。即使战争不是感情引起的，总还同感情或多或少有关，而且关系的大小不取决于文明程度的高低，而取决于敌对的厉害关系的大小和久暂。

如果我们发现文明民族不杀俘虏，不破坏城市和乡村，那是因为他们在战争中更多地应用了智力，学会了比这种粗暴地发泄本能更有效地使用暴力的方法。

火药的发明、火器的不断改进已经充分地表明，文明程度的提高丝毫没有妨碍或者改变战争概念所固有的消灭敌人的倾向。

不难证明，了解一切细节对统帅来说是有害的，因为人的智力是通过他所接受的知识和思想培养起来的。关于大问题的知识和思想能使人成大才，关于细小和枝节问题的知识和思想，如果不作为与己无关的东西而拒绝接受的话，那就只能让人成小材。

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On War is perhaps the greatest book ever written about war. Carl von Clausewitz, a Prussian soldier, had witnessed at first hand the immense destructive power of the French Revolutionary armies which swept across Europe between 1792 and 1815. His response was to write a comprehensive text covering every aspect of warfare. On War is both a philosophical and practical work in which Clausewitz defines the essential nature of war, debates the qualities of the great commander, assesses the relative strengths of defensive and offensive warfare, and - in highly controversial passages - considers the relationship between war and politics. His arguments are illustrated with vivid examples drawn from the campaigns of Frederick the Great and Napoleon Bonaparte. For the student of society as well as the military historian, On War remains a compelling and indispensable source.