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Free speech in the ancient democracy was not a protected right but an expression of the freedom from hierarchy, awe, reverence and shame. That freedom was challenged by the consequences of the rejection of shame (aidos) which had served as a cohesive force within the polity. Through readings of Socrates's trial, Greek tragedy and comedy, Thucydides's History, and Plato's Protagoras, this volume explores the paradoxical connections between free speech, democracy, shame, and Socratic philosophy and Thucydidean history.

Acknowledgments page ix

　Prologue: Four Stories

PART I. INTRODUCTION 

　The Invocation of Athens

　1　The Legacy of Free Speech

    1. Government as Ogre

    2. Government as “The People”

    3. Persecution and Texts

　2　Democratic Amnesia

PART II. AID?S 

　3　The Tale of Two Gyges: Shame, Community, and the Public/Private

Self

    1. Herodotus’ Gyges

    2. Protagoras’ Tale

    3. Shame and Guilt

    4. The Gaze, the Truth, and the “Other”

    5. Shame and the Liberal Individual

    6. Plato’s Gyges

PART III. PARRH?SIA: THE PRACTICE OF FREE SPEECH IN ANCIENT

ATHENS 

　4　The Practice of Parrhêsia

　5　The Trial of Socrates

    1. Why Was Socrates Executed?

    2. Plato’s Apology: The Unveiling of Socrates

and the Transformation of Shame

PART IV. THE LIMITS OF FREE SPEECH 

　6　Truth and Tragedy

    1. Parrhêsia: Inclusion/Exclusion

    2. Aristophanes’ Thesmophoriazusae

    3. Euripides’ Phoenician Women

　7   Thucydides’ Assemblies and the Challenge of Free

Speech

    1. Free Speech and the Historical Method

    2. The Mytilenean Debate

    3. The Invasion of Sicily

　8   Protagoras’ Shame and Socrates’ Speech

    1. The Dialogic Context

    2. Youthful Shame

    3. Protagoras’ Shame

    4. Socrates’ Speech

    5. “Free” Words

    6. Coda

    Conclusion: Four Paradoxes

    Paradox 1: Ancients and Moderns

    Paradox 2: Democracy and Free Speech

    Paradox 3: Socratic Philosophy and the

Democratic Regime

    Paradox 4: Shame and Amnesia

References

Index

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编辑推荐

　　Illuminates the distinctive character of our modern

understanding of the basis and value of free speech by contrasting

it with the very different form of free speech that was practised

by the ancient Athenians in their democratic regime. Free speech in

the ancient democracy was not a protected right but an expression

of the freedom from hierarchy, awe, reverence and shame. It was

thus an essential ingredient of the egalitarianism of that regime.

That freedom was challenged by the consequences of the rejection of

shame (aidos) which had served as a cohesive force within the

polity. Through readings of Socrates's trial, Greek tragedy and

comedy, Thucydides's History, and Plato's Protagoras this volume

explores the paradoxical connections between free speech,

democracy, shame, and Socratic philosophy and Thucydidean history

as practices of uncovering.

　　? Explores both ancient and modern theories of free speech ?

Brings the notion of shame into democratic theory ? Offers novel

readings of some of the classic texts of ancient Greece - Plato,

Aristophanes, Euripides, and Thucydides

书籍介绍

Free speech in the ancient democracy was not a protected right but an expression of the freedom from hierarchy, awe, reverence and shame. That freedom was challenged by the consequences of the rejection of shame (aidos) which had served as a cohesive force within the polity. Through readings of Socrates's trial, Greek tragedy and comedy, Thucydides's History, and Plato's Protagoras, this volume explores the paradoxical connections between free speech, democracy, shame, and Socratic philosophy and Thucydidean history.