Shaping London - The Patterns And Forms That Make The Metropolis 9780470699966 pdf pdb 阿里云 极速 mobi caj kindle 下载

　　In this wholly new and dynamic view of London, Farrell looks

beyond the contribution of individual buildings to the city. He

creates a larger, more exciting frame, charting how the capital’s

messy and complex shape has been hewn out of a series of layers –

natural and manmade, so the Thames and the natural landscape gets

as much attention as the railway infrastructure, the roads and the

canals. This provides a whole series of revelations that allow us

to see the city afresh: How might the natural bends in the river

have impacted where and what was built? How have the Thames’

tributaries affected historic boundaries and development, played

out in the estates of Mayfair? How is the Roman plan for the city

of London still discernible in today’s street patterns?

Illustrated with original sketches, maps, archive photographs and

paintings, this book provides a vibrant and intriguing collage of

London’s patterns and its history.

Covers:

The Thames at West London, Central London, Docklands and the

Estuary

Tributaries

Canals

Railways

The London Underground

The natural landscape

Acknowledgements.

Introduction.

The River: 'Liquid History'.

Rural Upper Thames.

The Urban Thames.

The Docklands.

Estuary Thames: London's Engine Room.

The Tributaries.

London's Infrastructure: Inventing the Metropolis.

Canals.

Railways.

The Tube - London Underground.

London's Roads and Pavements: Emerging Conflicts.

Inner Roads.

Outer Roads.

Pedestrians, Cyclists and Buses.

Occupying the Land.

Landscapes, Parks and Gardens.

Conclusion: London's Urbiculture.

Masterplanning and place-making work by Terry Farrell.

Bibliography by Chapter.

Index.

Picture Credits.

　　Sir Terry Farrell is one of the world's foremost architects

and urban planners. Through his imagination has been shaped and

inspired by the many cities where he has lived and worked, it is

London that he has become most closely associated with. During

forty years in practice, Farrell has transformed London's skyline

and animated the banks of the Thames with his Charing Cross Station

and M16 headquarters buildings. It is, though, through his

long-term involvement in London's urban planning - through specific

projects, as well as through advocacy and initiating public debate

- that Farrell has made his greatest contribution to this great

metropolis. He is currently the government champion for the

planning of the Thames Gateway Project and the Mayor's architecture

and planning lead for the Outer London Commission. He also works

with and for many London boroughs and for public and conservation

agencies such as English Heritage.

　　'Britain's best known urban planner, - Evening Standard, 24

July 2009

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当民主化交通运动达到顶峰的时候—小型汽车的出现，我们又重温对无规则和无规划的偏好。投资回报经济刺激和实用主义对中心规划持怀疑态度的各种要素控制着我们。哲学家赛亚·柏林预言：在主动与被动两种自由之间，个人与市场的自由程度，总是可以在伦敦人的方法中找到。就像长长的林荫道和中轴线的巴洛克规划从来没有实现一样，勒琴斯、阿伯克龙比和大伦敦议会的规划也一个都没有付诸实行。他们都因同一个原因失败了，在这个“由店主组成的国家”里，正如拿破仑对英国所称谓的，土地所制形式，地产利润和地方权力五花八门。

与第二帝国巴黎不同，伦敦没有拜伦·豪斯曼、没有专制管理者和管理机构，负责制定宏伟的、集权化的规划。它是由许多小型和中等规模的开发规划集合而成的。这些小型和中等规模的规划就它们所处的地点和位置，看起来无可挑剔，深思熟虑，带有先驱性、创新性和革命性。至于各个小型规划之间的相互联系以及将来的发展问题，几乎没有人去认真考虑。企业似乎能包容一切，每家企业都试图独立运作。

…随便到世界各地走一走，就会发现，在世界其他国家的城市当中，铁路及其车站，都融入了城市总体规划之中，与伦敦比起来，都要规划精良，细致有序。乍看起来，伦敦从来就不是一座城市，它只是世界上第一座随意蔓延的大都市，由众多城镇、村庄、节点组成，并且直到1889年伦敦郡议会创立，伦敦都一直没有可以进行协调指挥的都市政府。伦敦新建基础设施就是建立在这样一种状况之下：临时的、注重实效的、层层叠叠的。在18世纪和19世纪，运河、铁路和地铁建设，每前进一步都是开创性的。

伦敦的铁路格局，不是基于预先的规划，而是短期的、未经相互协调的、投机式的…当然，地铁和地上铁路线，在给定的路段相互重叠，远不像其他城市那样合乎逻辑，但都有产生的原因和动力。并不是说没有规划，按照规划本身的意思来解释，每一段都要经过小心谨慎的规划，规则和逻辑就存在于单个构成要素之中。实际上，只是这样，当我们审视整个城市时，难以看出什么有秩序性，然而，又确实存在着某种秩序，一种由19世纪企业逻辑精神笼合在一起的、与直觉相背离的、非逻辑的格局。当然，需要改进，需要解析和理解，以便更好地运转。但是，需要付出巨大的努力，因为它们相互联系，构成了一个独特的动态整体，每一部分都有其存在的理由和价值。

总的来说，20世纪的地铁，强调品牌体系，由声电系统、制图系统和售票系统层层叠加而成。它一点一点地逐渐增长，而不是一个统一设计的整体。最初的时候并不是建立在当时的公共空间、机械水平和技术水平上。从来没有作为一个整体系统建设过。只是在后期建设阶段才讲自己看作是个有组织的体系，而这主要是出于品牌创立、标识确定和市场营销的需要。这是一种带有现代特征的，伦敦所特有的城市构建现象。一种事后推理过程：根据当前的实际需要返回头来进行规划，知道它的成因以及将来如何对其进行改进。

就像克里斯托弗·雷恩的有长长的林荫道和中轴线的巴洛克规划，在1666年大火之后从来没有实现一样，勒琴斯、阿伯克隆比和大伦敦议会的规划也没有一个付诸实施。他们都因同一个原因失败了。在这个'由店主组成的国家里'，正如拿破仑对英国所称谓的，土地所有制、地产利润和地方权力，五花八门。投资回报、经济刺激、实用主义，总之对中心规划持怀疑态度的各种要素控制着我们。当民主化交通运动达到顶峰的时候—小汽车的出现，我们又重温对无规则和无规划的偏好。在剧烈的争论中，正如哲学家以赛亚·柏林所预言的，在主动和被动两种自由之间，个人和市场的自由程度，总是可以在伦敦人处事的方法中找到。

书籍介绍

In this wholly new and dynamic view of London, Farrell looks beyond the contribution of individual buildings to the city. He creates a larger, more exciting frame, charting how the capital’s messy and complex shape has been hewn out of a series of layers – natural and manmade, so the Thames and the natural landscape gets as much attention as the railway infrastructure, the roads and the canals. This provides a whole series of revelations that allow us to see the city afresh: How might the natural bends in the river have impacted where and what was built? How have the Thames’ tributaries affected historic boundaries and development, played out in the estates of Mayfair? How is the Roman plan for the city of London still discernible in today’s street patterns? Illustrated with original sketches, maps, archive photographs and paintings, this book provides a vibrant and intriguing collage of London’s patterns and its history. Covers: The Thames at West London, Central London, Docklands and the Estuary Tributaries Canals Railways The London Underground The natural landscape

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伦敦城市构型形成与发展